Patients with PC most commonly present with abdominal pain, weight loss, asthenia, and anorexia, with some patients also having jaundice. Diagnosis: new biomarkers are still needed On the 15 th anniversary of BMC Medicine, we provide a perspective on PC diagnosis and therapy in recent decades. Basic and translational research into its pathogenesis has further deepened our understanding of PC. Preliminary immunotherapy studies have also been conducted in PC.
Surgical techniques and equipment have significantly improved, and new chemotherapeutic concepts and regimens have been tested. Recently, novel biomarkers, and new technologies and methods for early diagnosis, such as gastrointestinal endoscopy, have emerged. Only about 10% of PC patients are diagnosed at an early stage and are thus able to benefit from potentially curative surgical resection. This disease is usually asymptomatic in the early stages, and without the use of invasive procedures, current screening methods are unable to achieve an effective early diagnosis.
It has a 5-year survival rate of approximately 8%. PC is a systemic disease with both locally advanced and metastatic phenotypes. Furthermore, the incidence of PC is on the rise, with approximately 44,330 deaths estimated in the United States in 2018. The latest cancer statistics show that PC is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in both males and females. Despite the continuous decline in overall cancer death rates, the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer (PC) remains high.
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